Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Animals , Female , Mite Infestations/complications , Mites , Prurigo/diagnosis , Prurigo/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Vectors , Rats/parasitology , ZoonosesABSTRACT
Los micosis superficiales corresponden o las afecciones de piel, pelos, uñas y mucosas por diversos especies de hongos. Sus principales agentes etiológicos corresponden a dermatofitos, levaduras del género Candiada y Malassezia sp. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue caracterizar y analizar las dermatomicosis superficiales según género, poro lo cual se realizó un estudio retrospectivo durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1999 y diciembre de 2006 en el Laboratorio de Dermatología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. En el período observado se analizaron 30.590 registros de pacientes. El porcentaje de resultados positivos fue menor en mujeres que en hombres, tanto para micológicos (56% vs 66%, P < 0,00 1) como para cultivos (32% vs 39%, P < 0,00 1). Se observó que las mujeres tuvieron significativamente más presencia de levaduras en el examen micológico directo, desarrollo de Candida sp en el cultivo y mayor afectación de uñas de manos que los hombres.
Superficial mycosis (SM) includes various fungi species that affect skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes. The main a etiologic agents are dermatophytes, and Candida and Malassezia sp, yeasts. The aim of this study is to characterize SM and analyze its relation with gender. A retrospective study was realized in the Laboratory of Dermatology, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, between January 1999 and December 2006. 30,590 patient charts were reviewed. Women showed o lower percentage of positive results thon men in direct microscopic tests (56% vs, 66%, P < 0,00 1) and culture tests (32% vs, 39%, P < 0,00 1). Women had significantly higher yeast counts in direct microscopic tests, higher frequency of Candida sp. in cultures, and greater involvement of finger nails than men.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dermatomycoses/epidemiology , Fungi/isolation & purification , Culture Techniques , Candida/isolation & purification , Chile/epidemiology , Dermatomycoses/diagnosis , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Microsporum/isolation & purification , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Trichophyton/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Introducción: La traqueostomía percutánea (TP) por dilatación es el método de elección en pacientes críticos que requieren la instalación de una traqueostomía. Sin embargo, una proporción importante de pacientes presentan habitualmente una o más contraindicaciones relativas para la realización de este procedimiento. Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia de complicaciones perioperatorias asociadas a la TP con la técnica de Ciaglia Blue Rhino y asistencia fibrobroncoscópica en pacientes críticos de alto riesgo versus pacientes críticos de bajo riesgo. Pacientes y Método: Se evaluaron en forma prospectiva 180 pacientes sometidos a una TP electiva debido a ventilación mecánica prolongada. Todas las TP fueron realizadas en la Unidad de Pacientes Críticos por un intensivista experimentado en el procedimiento y mediante un abordaje estandarizado. Se registraron variables demográficas, APACHE II, días de ventilación mecánica antes de la TP y la tasa de complicaciones perioperatorias. Resultados: La incidencia de complicaciones operatorias para los pacientes de alto y bajo riesgo fue 4,5 por ciento (3/67) y 5,2 por ciento (6/114), respectivamente (p = 0,81). No se registraron complicaciones operatorias graves, ni muertes asociadas al procedimiento. La incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias fue 3 por ciento (2/67) para los pacientes de alto riesgo vs. 2,6 por ciento (3/114) para los pacientes de bajo riesgo (p =0,89). La incidencia global de complicaciones perioperatorias fue 7,5 por ciento (5/67) y 7,9 por ciento (9/114) para los pacientes de alto y bajo riesgo, respectivamente (p = 0,92).Conclusión: La TP por dilatación con la técnica de Ciaglia Blue Rhino modificada y asistencia fibrobroncoscópica es segura en pacientes críticos de alto riesgo, cuando es realizada por un intensivista experimentado mediante un abordaje estandarizado.
Background: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is the method of choice in critically ill patients requiring the installation of a tracheostomy. However, a significant proportion of patients usually have one or more relative contraindications for this procedure. Objective: To compare the incidence of perioperative complication of PDT with the modified Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique and fiberoptic bronchoscopy assistance in high-risk critically ill patients versus low-risk critically ill patients. Patients and Methods: We prospectively evaluated 180 patients undergoing an elective PDT due to prolonged mechanical ventilation. All of the PDT were performed in the Critical Care Unit for an intensivist experienced in the procedure, using a standardized approach. We recorded demographic variables, APACHE II, days of mechanical ventilation before the PDT and the rate of perioperative complications. Results: The incidence of operative complications for patients high and low risk was 4.5 percent (3/67) and 5.2 percent (6/114), respectively (p =0.81). There were no serious operative complications or deaths associated with the procedure. The incidence of postoperative complications was 3 percent (2/67) for high risk patients vs 2.6 percent (3/114) for low risk patients (p=0.89). The overall incidence of perioperative complications was 7.5 percent (5/67) and 7.9 percent (9/114) for patients at high and low risk, respectively (p =0.92). Conclusions: PDT with the modified Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique and fiberoptic bronchoscopy assistance is safe in critically ill patients at high risk, when performed by an experienced intensivist using a standardized approach.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Bronchoscopy/methods , Critical Illness , Tracheostomy/adverse effects , Tracheostomy/methods , APACHE , Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology , Fiber Optic Technology , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Tracheostomy , Ventilator WeaningABSTRACT
Background: Development of percutaneous techniques for tracheostomy have facilitated its implementation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Aim: To evaluate the safety of performing percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) using the Ciaglia Blue Rhino thechnique with fiberoptic bronchoscopy assistance in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Patients and methods: Prospective evaluation of 100 consecutive patients aged 62±16 years (38 women) subjected to percutaneous tracheostomy. AU the procedures were performed in the ICU. Demographic variables, APACHE II, days of mechanical ventilation before PT, operative and post operative complications were recorded. Results: Mean APACHE II score was 20±3. Patients required on average 16±7 days of mechanical ventilation before PT. Eight patients (8 percent) had operative complications. One had an episode of transitory desaturation, one had a transitory hypotension related to sedation and six had mild bleeding not requiríng transfusión. No patient required conversión to surgical tracheostomy. Four patients (4 percent) presentedpost operative complications. Two had a mild and transitory bleeding ofthe ostomy and two had a displacement ofthe cannula. No other complications were observed. Conclusions: PT using the Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique with fiberoptic bronchoscopy assistance is a safe procedure that can be performed in the ICU by trained intensivists.